Methods of treatment often involve some combination of behaviour modification, lifestyle changes, counselling, and medication. A 2005 study found that medical management and behavioural treatment is the most effective ADHD management strategy, followed by medication alone, and then behavioural treatment. While medication has been shown to improve behaviour when taken over the short term, they have not been shown to alter long term outcomes. Medications have at least some effect in about 80% of people.
The evidence is strong for the effectiveness of behavioural treatments in ADHD. It is recommended first line in those who have mild symptoms and in preschool aged children. Psychological therapies used include psych educational input, behaviour therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), family therapy, school-based interventions, social skills training and parent management training.
Stimulant medication is the medical treatment of choice. There are a number of non-stimulant medications, such as atomoxetine, that may be used as alternatives. There are no good studies of comparative effectiveness between various medications, and there is a lack of evidence on their effects on academic performance and social behaviours. While stimulants and atomoxetine are generally safe, there are side effects and contraindications to their use.
For more information: https://www.adhdaustralia.org.au/