Sensory Processing Disorder

What is Sensory Processing Disorder?

Sensory processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition in which the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information that comes in through the senses. Formerly referred to as sensory integration dysfunction, it is not currently recognized as a distinct medical diagnosis.

Sensory processing is divided into eight main types:

Proprioception: This is the “internal” sense of awareness you have for your body. It’s what helps you maintain posture and motor control, for example. It’s also what tells you about how you’re moving and occupying space.

Vestibular: This term refers to the inner ear spatial recognition. It’s what keeps you balanced and coordinated.

Interoception: This is the sense of what’s happening in your body. It may be best understood as how you “feel.” This includes whether you feel hot or cold and whether you feel your emotions.

Five senses: Lastly, there are the 5 common senses. Touch, hearing, taste, smell, and sight.

Sensory issues have previously been called a sensory processing disorder. The disorder, however, isn’t officially recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5).

What causes Sensory Processing Disorder?

There is no single cause of SPD. It is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Sensory processing disorder is more common in children who have autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disorders. It is also more common in boys than girls.

Common symptoms of sensory processing issues may include hyperactivity, frequently putting things in their mouth and resisting hugs. Unfortunately, not a great deal is known about sensory issues or why some children experience them but not others.

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Getting help with SPD

Sensory issues aren’t an official condition. That means there is no formal criteria for a diagnosis.

Instead, doctors, educators, or healthcare providers who work with children who have issues with processing sensory information work off what they see in the child’s behaviour’s and interactions. Generally, these sensory issues are highly visible. That makes a diagnosis easier.

In some cases, professionals may use the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) or the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM). Both of these tests can help healthcare providers and educators better understand a child’s sensory functioning.